A clinical study participant is a person who is enrolled into a clinical study or trial. Some research studies seek participants who have the illnesses or conditions that will be studied, other studies are looking for healthy participants, and some studies are limited to a predetermined group of people who are asked by researchers to enroll.

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ClinicalTrials.gov Learn About Clinical Trials: Who Can Paritcipate in a Clinical Study?
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NIH Clinical Research Trials and You The Basics: Who takes part in clinical trials ?